I. Phân Biệt Câu Chủ Động Và Câu Bị Động.
1. Câu chủ động.
Câu chủ động là câu được sử dụng khi bản thân chủ thể được nhắc đến tự thực hiện hành động.
Cấu trúc câu chủ động: S + V + O.
* Chú ý: Động từ trong câu sẽ được chia theo thì.
– Ví dụ: Mary did her homework yesterday. (Mary đã làm bài tập về nhà ngày hôm qua).
2. Câu bị động.
Câu bị động là câu được sử dụng khi bản thân chủ thể không tự thực hiện hành động (mà bị tác động ngược lại).
Cấu trúc câu bị động: S + be + V-ed/3.
* Chú ý: Động từ “to be” sẽ được chia theo thì và chủ ngữ.
– Ví dụ: My money was stolen yesterday. (Tiền của tôi đã bị trộm mất vào ngày hôm qua).
II. Cấu Trúc Câu Bị Động Với Các Thì.
| Các thì | Chủ động | Bị động |
|
1. Hiện tại đơn |
S + Vs/es + O.
Ví dụ: Mary studies English every day. |
S + am/is/are + Ved/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: English is studied by Mary every day. |
|
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn |
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O.
Ví dụ: He is planting some trees now. |
S + am/is/are + being + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: Some trees are being planted (by him) now. |
|
3. Quá khứ đơn |
S + V-ed/2 + O.
Ví dụ: She wrote a letter yesterday. |
S + was/were + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: A letter was written (by her) yesterday. |
|
4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
S + was/were + V-ing + O.
Ví dụ: They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday. |
S + was/were + being + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday. |
| 5. Hiện tại hoàn thành | S + have/has + V-ed/3 + O.
Ví dụ: My parents have given me a new bike on my birthday. |
S + have/has + been + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: A new bike has been given to me by my parents on my birthday. |
|
6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
S + have/has + been + V-ing + O.
Ví dụ: John has been repairing this car for 2 hours. |
S + have/has + been + being +V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: This car has been being repaired by John for 2 hours. |
|
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành |
S + had + V-ed/3 + O.
Ví dụ: He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday. |
S + had + been + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday. |
|
8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
S + had + V-ed/3 + O.
Ví dụ: I had been typing the essay for 3 hours before you came yesterday. |
S + had + been + being + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: The essay had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday. |
|
9. Tương lai đơn |
S + will + V-bare + O.
Ví dụ: She will do a lot of things tomorrow. |
S + will + be + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: A lot of things will be done (by her) tomorrow. |
| 10. Tương lai tiếp diễn | S + will + be + V-ing + O.
Ví dụ: She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow. |
S + will + be + being + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow. |
| 11. Tương lai hoàn thành | S + will + have + V-ed/3 + O.
Ví dụ: She will have finished her study by the end of this year. |
S + will + have + been + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: Her study will have been finished by the end of this year. |
|
12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
S + will + have + been + V-ing + O.
Ví dụ: I will have been teaching English for 5 years by next week. |
S + will + have + been + being + V-ed/3 + (by O).
Ví dụ: English will have been being taught by me for 5 years by next week. |
Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her … nếu chỉ đối tượng không xác định.
– Ví dụ: English is spoken “by people”. (Tiếng anh được sử dụng “bởi mọi người”).
Nếu tân ngữ (O) trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì dùng with thay cho by.
– Ví dụ: The bird was shot with the gun. (Con chim đã bị bắn).
III. Các Trường Hợp Đặc Biệt Của Câu Bị Động.
1. Bị động với động từ khiếm khuyết.
Cấu trúc câu chủ động: S + Modal Verb + V-bare + O.
Cấu trúc câu bị động: S + Modal Verb + be + V-ed/3 + (by O).
– Ví dụ câu chủ động: She can speak Vietnamese fluently.
– Ví dụ câu bị động: Vietnamese can be spoken fluently.
2. Bị động với “be going to”.
Cấu trúc câu chủ động: S + be + going to + V-bare + O.
Cấu trúc câu bị động: S + be + going to + be + V-ed/3 + (by O).
– Ví dụ câu chủ động: My father is going to do the housework. (Bố tôi sẽ làm việc nhà).
– Ví dụ câu bị động: The housework is going to be done by my father. (Việc nhà sẽ được làm bởi bố tôi).
3. Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh.
Cấu trúc câu chủ động: V-bare + O.
Cấu trúc câu bị động: S + should/ must + be + V-ed/3.
– Ví dụ câu chủ động: Clean the floor! (Lau nhà đi!).
– Ví dụ câu bị động: The floor should be cleaned. (Nhà nên được lau đi).
4. Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it”.
Cấu trúc câu chủ động: It + be + adj + for somebody + to do something.
Cấu trúc câu bị động: It + be + adj + for something to be done.
– Ví dụ câu chủ động: It is easy to make this cake. (Rất là dễ dàng để làm ra cái bánh này).
– Ví dụ câu bị động: It is easy for this cake to be made. (Cái bánh này rất là dễ dàng được làm ra).
IV. Bài Tập.
A. Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. The broken table _____ (repair) yesterday.
2. A new mobile phone _____ (buy) next month.
3. Flowers _____ (water) in the garden now.
4. English _____ (learn) by this weekend.
5 This movie _____ (watch) yesterday.
6. This book _____ (read) three times.
7. My motorbike _____ (steal) yesterday.
8. My watch _____ (break) last night.
B. Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động.
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
____________________________________
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
____________________________________
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
____________________________________
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
____________________________________
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
____________________________________
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
____________________________________
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
____________________________________
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
____________________________________
9. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
____________________________________
10. The Greens didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
____________________________________
C. Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành những câu sau.
1. My wedding ring _____ of yellow and white gold.
| A. is made | B. is making | C. made | D. makes |
2. If your brother _____, he would come.
| A. invited | B. were invited | C. were inviting | D. invite |
3. References _____ in the examination room.
| A. not are used | B. is not used | C. didn’t use | D. are not used |
4. Mary _____ in Boston.
| A. are born | B. were born | C. was born | D. born |
5. My mother is going _____ this house.
| A. sold | B. to be sold | C. to sold | D. to sell |
6. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _____.
| A. being followed | B. are followed | C. follow | D. following |
7. The room is being _____ at the moment.
| A. was cleaned | B. cleaned | C. cleaning | D. clean |
8. The road to our village _____ widened next year.
| A. is | B. will | C. can | D. will be |
D. Chọn câu cùng nghĩa với câu đã cho bằng cách chọn A, B, C, D.
1. Somebody cleans that room every day.
| A. The room every day is cleaned. | B. The room is every day cleaned. |
| C. The room is cleaned every day. | D. The room cleaned is every day. |
2. They are building a new highway around the city.
| A. A new highway is being built around the city. | B. A new highway is built around the city by them. |
| C. A new highway around the city is being built. | D. Around the city a new highway is being built. |
3. People don’t use this road very often.
| A. Not very often this road is not used. | B. This road is not used very often. |
| C. This road very often is not used. | D. This road not very often is used. |
4. The bill includes service.
| A. Service is included by the bill. | B. Service included in the bill. |
| C. Service is included in the bill. | D. Service is in the bill. |
5. They have changed the date of the meeting.
| A. The date of the meeting has been changed. | B. The meeting has been changed the date. |
| C. The date of the meeting have been changed. | D. The date of the meeting has changed. |
E. Tìm lỗi sai cho mỗi câu sau bằng cách chọn A, B, C hay D.
1. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning.
| A | B | C | D |
2. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave.
| A | B | C | D |
3. The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet.
| A | B | C | D |
4. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world.
| A | B | C | D |
5. It was late and I was getting very worry about my son.
| A | B | C | D |
- Đáp Án: https://bit.ly/37vQugY.
